How postgres store data ?
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Binary Indexed Tree Or Fenwick Tree
References : Topcoder - BIT Hackerearth - BIT CS Academy - BIT Practice Problems : Code Monk problems Bubble Sort Graph INVCNT ORDERSET DQUERY
Square Root Decomposition
References : CP-Algortithims(Squre Root Decomposition) GeeksforGeeks(Squre Root Decomposition) Practice Problems : UVA - 12003 - Array Transformer UVA - 11990 Dynamic Inversion SPOJ - Give Away Codeforces - Till I Collapse Codeforces - Destiny Codeforces - Holes Codeforces - XOR and Favorite Number Codeforces - Powerful array SPOJ - DQUERY
Euler Phi (Euler Totient Function)
References: ফাংশন (Euler’s Phi Function) – Totient ফাংশন Khan Academy - Cryptography ফাংশন (Euler’s Phi Function) – Totient ফাংশন Wiki GeeksForgeeks